android Rom and its Structure

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android ROM 

Rom is an operating system run on your device. It is stored in read only memory in hardware segment where your firmware and all application store and all device come with a ROM which installs by the manufacturer. Android ROM contains all flash files like system, boot, and recovery. It is stored in read only memory part on hardware.

Custom ROM

Android is open source which allows the developer to customize it and we can edit or update some new feature in it and build the own new ROM image for android phone or tablet or another word we can say that it is the standard version of the android operating system.

Advantage of custom ROM

These are some advantage of android custom ROM.

1) Provide update version

2) Improve performance

3) Improve battery performance

4) Customize theme

5) Add some new feature

the disadvantage of custom ROM

These are some disadvantage of android custom ROM.

1) Break manufacturers warranty.

2) It may have defected ROM

Android ROM Structure

There are mainly six partitions in android phone, tablet and another android device. In below are the list of file systems. It may be exciting other file systems it depends on the android model but logically 6 partitions in android devices.

Boot

Boot file contains ramdisk and kernel.This is the boot partition of your Android device. It includes the android kernel and the ramdisk. The device will not boot without this partition. Wiping this partition from recovery should only be done if absolutely required and once done, the device must NOT be rebooted before installing a new one, which can be done by installing a ROM that includes a /boot partition.

Recovery

 It provides advanced recovery, installation, restoration, and maintenance operation for the device.

This is specially designed for backup. The recovery partition can be considered as an alternative boot partition.

System

This partition contains the entire Android OS, other than the kernel and the ramdisk. This includes the Android GUI and all the system applications that come pre-installed on the device.

System partition contains the entire Android OS, other than the kernel and the ramdisk. This includes the Android GUI and all the system applications that come pre-installed on the device.  you will still be able to put the phone into recovery or bootloader mode to install a new ROM.

Data

This partition contains the user’s data like your contacts, SMS, settings and all android applications that you have installed.

It is called user data partition. This partition contains the user’s data like your contacts, SMS, settings and all android applications that you have installed.  when you used for the first time or the way it was the last official or custom ROM installation.

Cache

This is the partition where Android stores accessed data and app components.

This is the partition where Android stores frequently accessed data and app components. Wiping the cache doesn’t affect your personal data but simply gets rid of the existing data there, which gets automatically rebuilt as you continue using the device.

Misc

 This partition contains USB configuration and hardware setting etc.

This partition contains miscellaneous system settings in form of on/off switches. These settings may include CID (Carrier or Region ID), USB configuration and certain hardware settings etc.

sd card

This is not a partition on the internal memory of the device but rather the SD card. In terms of usage, this is your storage space to use as you see fit, to store your media, documents, ROMs etc. on it. Wiping it is perfectly safe as long as you backup all the data you require from it to your computer first. Though several user-installed apps save their data and settings on the SD card and wiping this partition will make you lose all that data.

And we can check system partition by df command